References  

Ahern, F.J., H. Epp, D.R. Cahoon, N.H.F. French, E.S. Kasischke, and J.L. Michalek, Using Visible and Near-Infrared Satellite Imagery to Monitor Forest Cover and Fires, in Boreal Forests, pp. 312-330 in Fire, Climate Change and Carbon Cycling in the Boreal Forest, Kasischke, E.S., and B.J. Stocks (editors), Ecological Studies Series, Springer-Verlag, New York, in press 1999.

Alexyev, V.A., R.A. Birdsey, V.D. Stakanov, and I.A. Korotkov, Carbon storage in the Asian boreal forests of Russia, pp. 239-257 273 in Fire, Climate Change and Carbon Cycling in the Boreal Forest, Kasischke, E.S., and B.J. Stocks (editors), Ecological Studies Series, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1999.

Bourgeau-Chavez, L.L., P.A. Harrell, E.S. Kasischke, and N.H.F. French, The detection and mapping of Alaskan wildfires using a spaceborne imaging radar system, Int. J. Remote Sens., 18, 355-373, 1997.

Bourgeau-Chavez, L.L., E.S. Kasischke, J.P. Mudd, and N.H.F. French, Characteristics of forest ecozones in the North American boreal region, pp. 258-273 in Fire, Climate Change and Carbon Cycling in the Boreal Forest, Kasischke, E.S., and B.J. Stocks (editors), Ecological Studies Series, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1999.

Cahoon, D.R. Jr., B.J. Stocks, J.S. Levine, W.R. Cofer III, and C.C. Chung, Evaluation of a technique for satellite-derived area estimation of forest fires (1992), J. Geophys. Res., 97, 3805-3814.

Cahoon, D.R., Jr., B.J. Stocks, J.S. Levine, W.R. Cofer III, and J.M. Pierson, Satellite analysis of the severe 1987 forest fires in northern China and southeastern Siberia, J. Geophys. Res. 99, 18,627-18,638, 1994.

Cahoon, D.R., Jr., Stocks, B.J., Levine, J.S., Cofer, W.R., III, and Barber, J.A., Monitoring the 1992 forest fires in the boreal ecosystem using NOAA AVHRR satellite imagery, Biomass Burning and Climate Change - Volume 2 - Biomass Burning in South America, Southeast Asia, and Temperate and Boreal Ecosystems, and the Oil Fires of Kuwait, edited by J.L. Levine, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA , pp. 795-802, 1996.

Cofer, W.R. III, J.S. Levine, D.I. Sebacher, E.L. Winstead, P.J. Riggan, B.J. Stocks, J.A. Brass, V.G. Ambrosia, and V.J. Boston. 1989. Trace gas emissions from chaparral and boreal forest fires, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 2255-2259, 1989.

Cofer, W.R., E.L. Winstead, B.J. Stocks, L.W. Overbay, J.G. Goldammer, D.R. Cahoon, and J.S.Levine. 1996. Emissions from boreal forest fires: Are the atmospheric impacts underestimated? pp. 834-839 in J.L. Levine, ed. Biomass Burning and Climate Change - Volume 2 - Biomass Burning in South America, Southeast Asia, and Temperate and Boreal Ecosystems, and the Oil Fires of Kuwait. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

Conard, S.G. and G. A. Ivanova. 1998. Wildfire in Russian boreal forests - potential impacts of fire regime characteristics on emissions and global carbon balance estimates, Environmental Pollution 98:305-313.

Conway, T.J., P.P. Tans, L.S. Waterman, K.W. Thoning, D.R. Kitzis, K.A. Masarie, and N. Zhang, Evidence for interannual variability of the carbon cycle from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory global air sampling network, J. Geophys. Res. 99: 22,831-22,855, 1994.

Epp, H. and R.A. Lanoville. 1996. Satellite data and geographic information systems for fire and resource management in the Canadian Arctic. Geocarto Int. 11:97-104.

French, N.H.F., E.S. Kasischke, L.L. Bourgeau-Chavez, and D. Barry, Mapping the location of wildfires in Alaska using AVHRR data, Int. J. Wildlands Fire, 5, pp. 55-61, 1995.

French, N.H.F., E.S. Kasischke, R. D. Johnson, L.L. Bourgeau-Chavez, A.L. Frick, and S.L. Ustin, Using multi-sensor satellite data to monitor carbon flux in Alaskan boreal forests, Biomass Burning and Climate Change - Volume 2 - Biomass Burning in South America, Southeast Asia, and Temperate and Boreal Ecosystems, and the Oil Fires of Kuwait, edited by J.L. Levine, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA , pp. 808-826, 1996.

French, N.H.F., E.S. Kasischke, B.J. Stocks, J.P. Mudd, B.S. Lee, and D.L. Martell, Carbon released during fires in North American boreal forests, pp. 377-388 in Fire, Climate Change and Carbon Cycling in the Boreal Forest, Kasischke, E.S., and B.J. Stocks (editors), Ecological Studies Series, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1999.

Fung, I., K. Prentice, E. Matthews, J. Lerner, and G. Russell, Three-dimensional tracer model study of atmospheric CO2: responses to seasonal exchanges with the terrestrial biosphere, J. Geophys. Res. 88: 1281-1294, 1983

Fung, I.Y., J. John, J. Lerner, E. Matthews, M. Prather, L.P. Steele, and P.J. Fraser, Three-dimensional model syntheses of the global methane cycle, J. Geophys. Res. 96: 13,033-13,065, 1991.

Goldammer, J., and B.J. Stocks, Eurasian perspective of fire: dimension, management, policies, and scientific requirements, pp. 49-65 in Fire, Climate Change and Carbon Cycling in the Boreal Forest, Kasischke, E.S., and B.J. Stocks (editors), Ecological Studies Series, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1999.

Goulden, M.L., S.C. Wofsy, J.W. Harden, S.E. Trumbore, P.M. Crill, S.T. Gower, T. Fries, B.C. Daube, S.-M. Fan, D.J. Sutton, A. Bazzaz, and J.W. Munger, Sensitivity of boreal forest carbon balance to thaw, Science, 279, 214-217, 1998.

Hao, W.M. and M.-H. Liu, Spatial and temporal distribution of tropical biomass burning, Glboal Biogeochem. Cycles 8: 495-503, 1994.

Kasischke, E.S., and French, N.H.F., Locating and estimating the areal extent of wildfires in Alaskan boreal forests using multiple season AVHRR NDVI composite data, Remote Sens. Environ., 51, 263-275, 1995.

Kasischke, E.S., French, N.H.F., Harrell, P., Christensen, N.L., Ustin, S.L., and Barry, D., 1993, Monitoring of wildfires in boreal forests using large area AVHRR NDVI composite data, Remote Sens. Environ., 44, pp. 61-71, 1993.

Kasischke, E.S., N.H.F. French, L.L. Bourgeau-Chavez, and N.L. Christensen, Jr., Estimating release of carbon from 1990 and 1991 forest fires in Alaska, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 2941-2951, 1995a.

Kasischke, E.S., N.L. Christensen, Jr., and B.J. Stocks, Fire, Global warming and the mass balance of carbon in boreal forests, Ecol. Appl. 5, 437-451, 1995b.

Kasischke, E.S, K.P. O'Neill, N.H.F. French, and L.L. Bourgeau-Chavez, Controls on Patterns of biomass burning in Alaskan boreal forests, pp. 173-196 in Fire, Climate Change and Carbon Cycling in the Boreal Forest, Kasischke, E.S., and B.J. Stocks (editors), Ecological Studies Series, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1999a.

Kasischke, E.S., K. Bergen, R. Fennimore, F. Sotelo, G. Stephens, A. Janetos, and H.H. Shugart. 1999. Satellite imagery gives a clear picture of Russia's boreal forest fires. EOS - Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 80, 141, 147. 1999b.

Kasischke, E.S., N.H.F. French and L.L. Bourgeau-Chavez, Using satellite data to monitor fire-related processes in boreal forests, pp. 406-422 in Fire, Climate Change and Carbon Cycling in the Boreal Forest, Kasischke, E.S., and B.J. Stocks (editors), Ecological Studies Series, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1999c.

Keeling, C.D., J.F.S. Chin, and T.P. Whorf, Increased activity of northern vegetation inferred from atmospheric CO2 observations, Nature 382: 146-149, 1996.

Korovin, G.N. 1996. Analysis of distribution of forest fires in Russia. pp. 112-128 in Fire in Ecosystems of Boreal Eurasia, J.G. Goldammer and V.V. Furyaev, editors, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

Lacelle, B., C. Tarnocai, S. Waltman, J. Kimble, F. Orozco-Chavez and B. Jakobsen. 1997. North American Soil Carbon Map, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, USDA, INEGI, Inst. of Geography, Univ. of Copenhagen.

Law, R.M., P.J. Rayner, A.S. Denning, D. Erickson, I.Y. Fung, M. Heimann, S.C. Piper, M. Ramonet, S. Taguchi, J.A. Taylor, C.M. Trudinger, and I.G. Watterson, Variations in modeled atmospheric transport of carbon dioxide and consequences of CO2 inversions, Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 10: 783-796, 1996.

Levine, J.S., and W. R. Cofer, III, Boreal forest fire emissions and the chemistry of the atmosphere, pp. 31-48 in Fire, Climate Change and Carbon Cycling in the Boreal Forests, Kasischke, E.S., and B.J. Stocks (editors), Ecological Studies Series, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1999.

Lowe, J.J., K. Power, and M.W. Marsan. 1996. Canada's Forest Inventory 1991: Summary by Terrestrial Ecozones and Ecoregions. Information Report BC-X-364E, Pacific Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Victoria, BC. 56 pp.

Mack, F., J. Hoffstadt, G. Esser, and J.G. Goldammer, Modeling the influence of vegetation fires on the global carbon cycle, pp. 149-159 in Biomass Burning and Climate Change - Volume 1 -Remote Sensing, Modeling and Inventory Development and Biomass Burning in Africa, edited by J.L. Levine, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA , 1996.

Manning, M.R., Seasonal cycle in atmospheric CO2 concentrations, pp. 65-93 in The Global Carbon Cycle, edited by M. Heimann, 1993.

Michalek, J.L., N.H.F. French, E.S. Kasischke, R.D. Johnson, and J.E. Colwell, Using Landsat TM data to estimate carbon release from burned biomass in an Alaskan spruce forest complex, Int. J. Remote Sens., (in press) 1999.

Murphy, P.J., J.P. Mudd, B.J. Stocks, E.S. Kasischke, D. Barry, M.E. Alexander, and N.H.F. French, Historical fire records in the North American boreal forest, pp. 274-288 in Fire, Climate Change and Carbon Cycling in the Boreal Forest, Kasischke, E.S., and B.J. Stocks (editors), Ecological Studies Series, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1999.

Myneni, R.B., C.D. Keeling, C.J. Tucker, G. Asrar, and R.R. Nemani, Increased plant growth in the northern high latitudes for 1981 to 1991, Nature 386, 698-702, 1997.

Randerson, J.T., M.V. Thompson, T.J. Conway, I.Y. Fung, and C.B. Field. 1997. The contribution of terrestrial sources and sinks to trends in seasonal cycles of atmospheric carbon dioxide, Global Biogeochem.l Cycles 11: 535-560.

Randerson, J.T., C.B. Field, I.Y. Fung, and P.P. Tans, Increases in early season ecosystem uptake explains changes in the seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO2 at high latitudes, Geophys. Res. Let. 26 : 2765-2769, 1999.

Rozhkov, V.A., V.B. Wagner, B.M. Kogut, D.E. Konyushkov, S. Nilsson, V.B. Sheremet, and A.Z. Shvidenko, 1996, Soil Carbon Estimates and Soil Carbon Map for Russia, IIASA Report WP-96,60, International Institute for Applied Spatial Analyses, Laxenburg, Austria.

Schlesinger, P., T. Stone, and V.A. Alexyev, A spatially explicit map of forest stand carbon for Russia: a first approximation, in Proceedings of the International Boreal Forest Research Association Meeting, August 1997, Duluth, Minnesota, U.S. Forest Service, Washington, DC, 1999.

Seiler, W. and P.J. Crutzen, Estimates of gross and net fluxes of carbon between the biosphere and atmosphere from biomass burning, Clim. Change, 2, 207-247, 1980.

Shvidenko, A.Z. and S. Nilsson, Fire and the carbon budget of Russian forests, pp. 289-311 in Fire, Climate Change and Carbon Cycling in the Boreal Forests, Kasischke, E.S., and B.J. Stocks (editors), Ecological Studies Series, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1999.

Stocks, B.J. 1991. The extent and impact of forest fires in northern circumpolar countries. Pages 197-202 in J.L. Levine, editor. Global biomass burning: atmospheric, climatic and biospheric implications. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Stocks, B.J., and Kauffman, J.B, Biomass consumption and behavior of wildland fires in boreal, temperate, and tropical ecosystems: parameters necessary to interpret historic fire regimes and future fire scenarios. p.169-188 in Sediment Records of Biomass Burning and Global Change. J.S. Clark, H. Cachier, J.G. Goldammer and B.J. Stocks (eds), NATO ASI Series, Subseries 1, "Global Environmental Change", Vol. 51, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany 1997.

Wittenberg, U., M. Heimann, G. Esser, A.D. McGuire, and W. Sauf, On the influence of biomass burning on the seasonal CO2 signal as observed at monitoring stations, Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 12: 531-544, 1998.

Zimov, S.A., S.P. Davidov, G.M. Zimova, A.I. Davidova, F.S. Chapin III, M.C. Chapin, and J.F. Reynolds, Contribution of disturbance to increasing seasonal amplitude of atmospheric CO2, Science 284: 1973-1976, 1999.